Which Act establishes a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program?

The correct choice is Republic Act No. 9003, which is also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. This act establishes a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological approach to solid waste management in the Philippines. It aims to promote the proper management of solid waste through strategies such as waste segregation, recycling, and composting, as well as the enforcement of penalties for non-compliance.

This act reflects the recognition of the importance of addressing solid waste management as a critical environmental issue, encouraging communities to adopt sustainable practices that minimize waste production and promote environmental health. The provision within this act also emphasizes the role of local government units in implementing solid waste management plans that align with national standards.

In contrast, the other acts mentioned focus on different aspects of environmental management. The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 primarily addresses water pollution and management of water resources. The Toxic Substances, Hazardous, and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 deals with the regulation of hazardous waste materials, while the Republic Act No. 9275, also known as the Philippine Clean Water Act, pertains to the protection of water bodies from pollution caused by land-based sources. Each of these acts serves a specific purpose, but only Republic Act