What is the most effective measure in the hierarchy of controls?

The most effective measure in the hierarchy of controls is elimination. This approach focuses on removing the hazard completely from the workplace or environment. By eliminating the source of danger, the risk associated with that hazard is entirely eradicated. This is considered the best way to prevent harm because it does not merely manage the risk or reduce exposure, but removes the threat altogether.

Elimination can include redesigning processes, using different materials, or even discontinuing harmful practices. When a hazard is eliminated, there is no longer any potential for related injury or ill health, making it the most proactive and effective method in safeguarding health and safety.

In contrast, the other options involve various degrees of risk management rather than complete removal. Substitution involves replacing a dangerous substance with a less hazardous one, which still carries some risk. Administrative controls implement policies and procedures to minimize risks, but they require behavioral compliance and can be inconsistent in their effectiveness. Personal protective equipment (PPE) provides a barrier between the worker and the hazard, but it does not eliminate the hazard itself and relies heavily on proper use and maintenance. Thus, while all are important components of safety strategies, elimination stands out as the most effective in achieving a hazard-free environment.